Laocoön is a figure in Greek legend, and the inspiration for a beautiful sculpture in the Vatican Museums. And that work of art has been on quite a journey through time.

Research:

“ANN: Archaeologist and art dealer Ludwig Pollak and his family to be remembered by memorial stones.” Art Market Studies. Jan. 7, 2022. https://www.artmarketstudies.org/ann-archaeologist-and-art-dealer-ludwig-pollak-and-his-family-to-be-remembered-by-memorial-stones-rome-piazza-santi-apostoli-81-22-jan-2022-930am/

Tracy, S. V. “Laocoön’s Guilt.” The American Journal of Philology, vol. 108, no. 3, 1987, pp. 451–54. JSTOR, https://doi.org/10.2307/294668.

Darwin, Charles. “The Expression of the Emotions in Man and Animals.” 1872. Accessed online: https://brocku.ca/MeadProject/Darwin/Darwin_1872_07.html

The William Blake Archive. “LAOCOÖN (COMPOSED C. 1815, C. 1826-27).” http://www.blakearchive.org/work/Laocoön

Richman-Abdou, Kelly. “All About ‘Laocoön and His Sons’: A Marble Masterpiece From the Hellenistic Period.” My Modern Met. January 9, 2019. https://mymodernmet.com/Laocoön-and-his-sons-statue/

Virgil. “The Aeneid Book II.” Poetry in Translation. https://www.poetryintranslation.com/PITBR/Latin/VirgilAeneidII.php#anchor_Toc536009309

Ludwig, Wolfgang. “Der dritte Arm des Laokoon.” Weiner Zeitung. Nov. 7, 2021. https://www.wienerzeitung.at/nachrichten/kultur/kunst/2111677-Der-dritte-Arm-des-Laokoon.html

Rudowski, Victor Anthony. “Lessing Contra Winckelmann.” The Journal of Aesthetics and Art Criticism, vol. 44, no. 3, 1986, pp. 235–43. JSTOR, https://doi.org/10.2307/429733

“Cast of Laocoön and his Sons (Roman version of a lost Greek original), c.100BC-50AD.” https://www.royalacademy.org.uk/art-artists/work-of-art/Laocoön-and-his-sons-roman-version-of-a-lost-greek-original

Squire, Michael. “Laocoön among the gods, or: On the theological limits of Lessing’s Grenzen’, in A. Lifschitz and M. Squire (eds.), Rethinking Lessing’s Laocoön: Classical Antiquity, the German Enlightenment, and the ‘Limits’ of Painting and Poetry.” Oxford University Press. 2017. Accessed online: https://www.academia.edu/35492441/M_Squire_Laocoön_among_the_gods_or_On_the_theological_limits_of_Lessing_s_Grenzen_in_A_Lifschitz_and_M_Squire_eds_Rethinking_Lessing_s_Laocoön_Classical_Antiquity_the_German_Enlightenment_and_the_Limits_of_Painting_and_Poetry_Oxford_Oxford_University_Press_pp_87_132_2017

“Digital Sculpture Project: Laocoön.” http://www.digitalsculpture.org/Laocoön/index.html

Müller, Joachim. "Gotthold Ephraim Lessing". Encyclopedia Britannica, 11 Feb. 2022, https://www.britannica.com/biography/Gotthold-Ephraim-Lessing

Britannica, The Editors of Encyclopaedia. "Laocoön". Encyclopedia Britannica, 28 Aug. 2019, https://www.britannica.com/topic/Laocoön-Greek-mythology. http://www.digitalsculpture.org/Laocoön/index02.html

Shattuck, Kathryn. “Is 'Laocoön' a Michelangelo forgery?” New York Times. April 20, 2005. https://www.nytimes.com/2005/04/20/arts/is-Laocoön-a-michelangelo-forgery.html

Catterson, Lynn. “Michelangelo’s ‘Laocoön?’” Artibus et Historiae, vol. 26, no. 52, 2005, pp. 29–56. JSTOR, https://doi.org/10.2307/20067096/

Montoya, Ruben. “Did Michelangelo fake this iconic ancient statue?” National Geographic. July 16, 2021. https://www.nationalgeographic.co.uk/history-and-civilisation/2022/03/this-italian-artist-became-the-first-female-superstar-of-the-renaissance

Bruschi, Arnaldo. "Donato Bramante". Encyclopedia Britannica, 7 Apr. 2022, https://www.britannica.com/biography/Donato-Bramante

Webber, Monique. “Who Says Michelangelo Was Right? Conflicting Visions of the Past in Early Modern Prints.” The Public Domain Review. https://publicdomainreview.org/essay/who-says-michelangelo-was-right-conflicting-visions-of-the-past-in-early-modern-prints

Grovier, Kelly. “Laocoön and His Sons: The revealing detail in an ancient find.” BBC. July 22, 2021. https://www.bbc.com/culture/article/20210721-laocon-and-his-sons-the-ultimate-expression-of-suffering

Howard, Seymour. “On the Reconstruction of the Vatican Laocoon Group.” American Journal of Archaeology, vol. 63, no. 4, 1959, pp. 365–69. JSTOR, https://doi.org/10.2307/501788https://www.jstor.org/stable/501788

Price, Nicholas, et al. “Historical and Philosophical Issues in the Conservation of Cultural Heritage.” Getty Publications. Sept. 26, 1966. https://books.google.com/books?id=4wi7Bdd8sBQC&dq=%22this+arm,+entangled+by+the+snake,+must+have+been+folded+over+the+head+of+the+statue,%22yet+it+looks+as+if+the+arm+folded+above+the+head+would+have+in+some+way+made+the+work+wrong%3B%22&source=gbs_navlinks_s

Pliny the Elder, et al. “The Natural History.” Taylor and Francis, Red Lion Court, Fleet Street. 1855. Accessed online: http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:abo:phi,0978,001:36:4

See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.